The prevention of foodborne diseases is one of the main objectives of the health authorities. For this purpose, analytical techniques for detecting and / or quantifying the microbiological contamination of food prior to release on the market are required. The management and control of pathogens of food origin have generally been based on conventional detection methodologies, which do not only consume a lot of time and labor, but also involve high consumer material costs. However, this management perspective has changed over time that the food industry requires effective analytical methods that achieve quick results.
This review covers the historical context of traditional methods and their passage in the latest developments of rapid methods and their implementation in the food sector. Improvements and limitations in the detection of the most relevant pathogens are discussed from a perspective applicable to the current situation in the food industry. Given the efforts and recent developments, fast and accurate methods already used in the food industry will also be affordable and portable and provide connectivity in the near future, which improves decision-making and safety throughout the chain Food. A retrospective epidemiological study describing the characteristics, the incidence rates (IR) and the microbiological etiology of the SCAP in Central Australia.
Adult Patients Admitted to Alice Springs Hospital Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between 2011-2014 which has been included the IDSA / ATS definition of the SCAP. Medical records have been examined and compared between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients. Primary results were an incidence rate and microbiological etiology of SCAP. Secondary results were 30 days mortality and a residence time of the ICU and the hospital (LOS).
Plancostomycetes as bacteria associated with the host: a perspective that keeps the promise of their future isolates, imitating their aboriginal environmental niches in clinical microbiology laboratories
Traditionally recognized as environmental bacteria, plancostomycetes have recently been linked to human pathology as opportunistic pathogens, providing great interest to clinical microbiologists. However, the absence of appropriate culture media limits our future surveys because no plackctomyte has ever been isolated from patient specimens despite multiple attempts. Several plancostomycetes have no cultivable members and are recognized only by detecting and analyzing the sequence of the arrn genes. Cultivated representatives are tedious slow growth bacteria and most of the time culture on synthetic media.
As a result, the provision of environmental and nutritional conditions such as those existing in natural habitat in natural habitat where non-skin / refractory bacteria can be detected could be an option for their potential isolation. As a result, we have systematically examined the different natural plancostomycete habitats, to examine their nutritional requirements, the physicochemical characteristics of their natural ecological niches, the current methods of cultivation of plackcetes and gaps, from a perspective of data collection. to optimize the conditions and the culture protocols of these tedious bacteria.
Plancptomycetes are prevalent in freshwater, seawater and terrestrial environments, mainly associated with particles or organisms such as macroalgae, marine sponges and lichens, depending on the species and polysaccharides metabolizable by their sulfatasis. Most plancostomycetes are developing in poor nutrient oligotrophic environments with a pH ranging from 3.4 to 11, but some strains can also develop in media rich in nutrients such as M600 / M14. In addition, a variation in seasonality of abundance is observed and flowering occurs in the summer-early autumn, correlated with strong algae growth in marine environments. Most placalcètes are mesophilic, but with some plancostomycetes being thermophilic (50 ° C to 60 ° C).
From hazard analysis to risk control using rapid methods in microbiology: A practical approach for the food industry
Mini Review: Clinical Routine Microbiology in the Era of Digital Automation and Health
Clinical microbiology laboratories are the first line of infectious disease and antibiotic resistance, including new emerging. Although most clinical laboratories are still based on conventional methods, a cascade of technological change, driven by digital imaging and high-speed sequencing, will revolutionize clinical diagnostics management for direct detection of bacteria and susceptibility testing. rapid antimicrobial. IMPORTANT, such technological advances occur in the golden age of machines learning where computers do not act more passively in the mining of data, but once trained, can also help doctors take Decisions on the optimal diagnosis and administration of treatment.
The additional physical integration potential of new technologies in an automation chain, associated with the software to the automatic learning of data analyzes, is seduced and lead to faster management of infectious diseases. However, if, on the one hand, the technological advancement would have a better performance than conventional methods, on the other side, this evolution disputes clinicians in terms of data interpretation and impact on the whole of the Organization and management of the staff of the hospital.
Description: IT1t dihydrochloride is a potent antagonist of CXCR4 with IC50 value of 8.0 nM [1]. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is an ?-chemokine receptor for chemokine CXCL12.
Description: IT1t dihydrochloride is a potent antagonist of CXCR4 with IC50 value of 8.0 nM [1]. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is an ?-chemokine receptor for chemokine CXCL12.
Description: IT1t dihydrochloride is a potent antagonist of CXCR4 with IC50 value of 8.0 nM [1]. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is an ?-chemokine receptor for chemokine CXCL12.
Description: IT1t dihydrochloride is a potent antagonist of CXCR4 with IC50 value of 8.0 nM [1]. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is an ?-chemokine receptor for chemokine CXCL12.
Description: IT1t dihydrochloride is a potent antagonist of CXCR4 with IC50 value of 8.0 nM [1]. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is an ?-chemokine receptor for chemokine CXCL12.
Description: IT1t dihydrochloride is a potent antagonist of CXCR4 with IC50 value of 8.0 nM [1]. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is an ?-chemokine receptor for chemokine CXCL12.
Description: 1400W dihydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase with Kd value of 7 nM [1]. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is an enzyme catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and is involved in immune response.
Description: 1400W dihydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase with Kd value of 7 nM [1]. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is an enzyme catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and is involved in immune response.
Description: 1400W dihydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase with Kd value of 7 nM [1]. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is an enzyme catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and is involved in immune response.
Description: PPACK Dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride form of its active component PPACK (D-Phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine chloromethyl ketone), a potent, selective and irreversible inhibitor of thrombin that inhibits human ?-thrombin with inhibition constant Kivalue of 0.24 nM.
Description: PPACK Dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride form of its active component PPACK (D-Phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine chloromethyl ketone), a potent, selective and irreversible inhibitor of thrombin that inhibits human ?-thrombin with inhibition constant Kivalue of 0.24 nM.
Description: PPACK Dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride form of its active component PPACK (D-Phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine chloromethyl ketone), a potent, selective and irreversible inhibitor of thrombin that inhibits human ?-thrombin with inhibition constant Kivalue of 0.24 nM.
Description: KD: 1.4 nM and 1.9 nM for human and rat P2X7 receptors, respectivleyThe P2X7 receptor has intriguing biophysical properties, activates a diverse range of cellular events and mediates a wide range of functional effects.
Description: KD: 1.4 nM and 1.9 nM for human and rat P2X7 receptors, respectivleyThe P2X7 receptor has intriguing biophysical properties, activates a diverse range of cellular events and mediates a wide range of functional effects.
Description: A 412997 dihydrochloride is a selective agonist of dopamine D4 receptor with Ki values of 7.9 and 12.1 nM for human and rat D4 receptors, respectively [1]. Dopamine D4 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor and is activated by dopamine.
Description: A 412997 dihydrochloride is a selective agonist of dopamine D4 receptor with Ki values of 7.9 and 12.1 nM for human and rat D4 receptors, respectively [1]. Dopamine D4 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor and is activated by dopamine.
Description: IC50: 86 nM for iNOSNO synthases are enzymes responsible for the generation of nitric oxide from the amino acid L-arginine. Once expressed the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is active and produces ?M concentrations of NO over longer periods.
Description: IC50: 86 nM for iNOSNO synthases are enzymes responsible for the generation of nitric oxide from the amino acid L-arginine. Once expressed the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is active and produces ?M concentrations of NO over longer periods.
Description: IC50: 86 nM for iNOSNO synthases are enzymes responsible for the generation of nitric oxide from the amino acid L-arginine. Once expressed the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is active and produces ?M concentrations of NO over longer periods.
Description: ARL 17477 dihydrochloride is a selective and potent neuronal nitrogen oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor with IC50 values of 1 and 17?M for nNOS and endothelial NOS, respectively [1].
Description: ARL 17477 dihydrochloride is a selective and potent neuronal nitrogen oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor with IC50 values of 1 and 17?M for nNOS and endothelial NOS, respectively [1].
Description: A 943931, is an H4R (one of histamine receptor subtypes) antagonist [1] with high affinities to H4Rs of human (Ki = 5 nM), rat (Ki = 4 nM) and mouse (Kb = 6 nM) [2]. H4R is one of 4 known G-protein-coupled receptors of histamine for histamine to mediate its physiological functions [3].
Description: A 943931, is an H4R (one of histamine receptor subtypes) antagonist [1] with high affinities to H4Rs of human (Ki = 5 nM), rat (Ki = 4 nM) and mouse (Kb = 6 nM) [2]. H4R is one of 4 known G-protein-coupled receptors of histamine for histamine to mediate its physiological functions [3].
Description: WAY 207024 dihydrochloride is a potent gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) antagonist with IC50 values of 12 and 71 nM for human and rat GnRH receptors, respectively [1].
Description: BMS 470539 dihydrochloride is a potent and selective melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor agonist with IC50 of 120 nM [1]. The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC-1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor involved in blocking inflammation and augmenting skin pigmentation [1].
Description: BMS 470539 dihydrochloride is a potent and selective melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor agonist with IC50 of 120 nM [1]. The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC-1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor involved in blocking inflammation and augmenting skin pigmentation [1].
Description: A-331440 is described here instead of A-331440 dihydrochloride. A-331440 is an antagonist of non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor with an IC50 value of 22.7 nM for human cortex histamine H3 [1].
Description: A-331440 is described here instead of A-331440 dihydrochloride. A-331440 is an antagonist of non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor with an IC50 value of 22.7 nM for human cortex histamine H3 [1].
Description: Target: haspin kinaseIC50: 55 nMLDN 209929 dihydrochloride is a selective and potent haspin kinase inhibitor with IC50 value of 55 nM [1]. LDN 209929 dihydrochloride displays 180-fold selectivity on haspin kinase over DYRK2 [1].
Description: Target: haspin kinaseIC50: 55 nMLDN 209929 dihydrochloride is a selective and potent haspin kinase inhibitor with IC50 value of 55 nM [1]. LDN 209929 dihydrochloride displays 180-fold selectivity on haspin kinase over DYRK2 [1].
Description: BD 1063 dihydrochloride is an antagonist of ?-1 receptor with Ki value of 9.15 nM [1].?-receptor is a type of opioid receptor. There are two subtypes of ?-receptor: ?-1 and ?-2.?-1 receptor plays an important role in stimulating dopamine release and modulating the actions of cocaine [2].
Description: BD 1063 dihydrochloride is an antagonist of ?-1 receptor with Ki value of 9.15 nM [1].?-receptor is a type of opioid receptor. There are two subtypes of ?-receptor: ?-1 and ?-2.?-1 receptor plays an important role in stimulating dopamine release and modulating the actions of cocaine [2].
Description: CGP 20712 dihydrochloride is a potent and selective antagonist of ?1-adrenoceptor with IC50 value of 0.7 nM [1]. ?1-adrenoceptor is a G-protein coupled receptor and mediates uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene expression induced by norepinephrine (NE) [2].
Description: CGP 20712 dihydrochloride is a potent and selective antagonist of ?1-adrenoceptor with IC50 value of 0.7 nM [1]. ?1-adrenoceptor is a G-protein coupled receptor and mediates uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene expression induced by norepinephrine (NE) [2].
Description: CGH 2466 dihydrochloride is a combined adenosine receptor antagonist. It is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 4 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. It inhibited the phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) isoenzyme with an IC50 value of 22±5 nM.
Description: CGH 2466 dihydrochloride is a combined adenosine receptor antagonist. It is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 4 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. It inhibited the phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) isoenzyme with an IC50 value of 22±5 nM.
Description: AZ 12080282 dihydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of Hh with IC50 value <0.012 ?M [1]. It is also reported that AZ 12080282 also has a selective inhibition to p38? with low nanomolar potency [1].
Description: AZ 12080282 dihydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of Hh with IC50 value <0.012 ?M [1]. It is also reported that AZ 12080282 also has a selective inhibition to p38? with low nanomolar potency [1].
Description: AY 9944 dihydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of ?7-sterol reductase with IC50 value of 13 nM [1].?7-sterol reductase (Dhcr7) is an enzyme and plays an important role in catalyzing the production of cholesterol from 7-Dehydrocholesterol through using NADPH [2, 3].
Description: AY 9944 dihydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of ?7-sterol reductase with IC50 value of 13 nM [1].?7-sterol reductase (Dhcr7) is an enzyme and plays an important role in catalyzing the production of cholesterol from 7-Dehydrocholesterol through using NADPH [2, 3].
Description: AY 9944 dihydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of ?7-sterol reductase with IC50 value of 13 nM [1].?7-sterol reductase (Dhcr7) is an enzyme and plays an important role in catalyzing the production of cholesterol from 7-Dehydrocholesterol through using NADPH [2, 3].
Description: CP 31398 dihydrochloride is a potent activator of p53 with maximum tolerated dose of 400 ppm [2].Tumor protein p53 (p53) is a crucial protein in multicellular organisms and plays an important role in preventing cancer formation.
Description: CP 31398 dihydrochloride is a potent activator of p53 with maximum tolerated dose of 400 ppm [2].Tumor protein p53 (p53) is a crucial protein in multicellular organisms and plays an important role in preventing cancer formation.
In this mini-examination, we discuss such technological achievements offering practical examples of their operability, but also their limits and potential problems that their implementation could increase in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Gina
